Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) presents a unique challenge in rehabilitation, requiring a shift from traditional neurological models to a function-based, biopsychosocial approach. This session will equip physical therapists with the knowledge and skills to assess, diagnose, and treat FND effectively. We will begin by exploring what FND is, including its prevalence, common misconceptions, and neurophysiological underpinnings. Participants will gain an understanding of how altered top-down prediction, impaired sensory integration, abnormal emotional processing, and stress-mediated neuroplasticity contribute to symptoms—dispelling the myth that FND is purely psychological. Next, we will cover PT evaluation strategies, highlighting key clinical markers such as Hoover’s Sign, Tremor Entrainment, and gait inconsistencies that aid in differential diagnosis. The focus will be on recognizing positive signs of FND rather than ruling out pathology. The core of the session will discuss evidence-based treatment strategies, emphasizing motor retraining, external cueing, distraction techniques, and functional movement integration. We will examine how graded exposure, rhythmic entrainment, and cognitive-behavioral elements can improve mobility and restore automatic movement patterns rather than reinforcing compensatory strategies. Principles from OPTIMAL Theory—fostering autonomy, external focus, and enhanced expectancies—will also be incorporated to optimize motor learning and recovery. Additionally, we will address common barriers to treatment, including patient and provider skepticism, and provide practical tools for effective patient education and interdisciplinary collaboration. By the end of this session, participants will have a structured approach to evaluating and treating FND, empowering them to apply clinically relevant, evidence-based interventions that enhance patient outcomes and advance FND rehabilitation in physical therapy practice.

Upon completion of the course, the attendee will be able to - 

• Gain a deeper understanding of Functional Neurological Disorder, its underlying pathophysiology, and its diverse symptomatology.
• Perform differential diagnosis for FND using specific clinical examination techniques relevant to physical therapy.
• Understand the importance of utilizing multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary treatment approaches to optimize outcomes and enhance function in individuals with FND.
• Discuss the latest research trends and future directions for FND care and management.